Company Profile
Merck & Co. (MSD)
— Reworking the world’s largest-selling antibody drug as a subcutaneous injection while seeking new pillars in ADCs and oral peptides
Merck & Co., Inc., USA, Canada, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USA, USAPharmaceutical CompanyComment 49% of sales in 2025 are occupied by one anti-PD-1 antibody quitolider (Key。da). In the view of drug discovery and DDS,Key)da Qlexin 2025 CloseAntibody Drug Complex (ADC)、Orally drinking ring peptides、Individualized cancer vaccine with mRNA、Complex of drugs and Fc fragmentsIn this article, the size of the company is concise,What to do with the modalities, and what to doFilter by
- U.S. Merck in 30 seconds and DDS
- About logo and company name (other than Merck KGaA)
- Where is this company in the world of drug discovery and DDS?
- Company Size (Concise)
- Drug discovery and DDS resources
- Past Initiatives
- Future plans
- What is DDS?
- Collaboration mapping of drug discovery and DDS
- Technologies, Products and Services
- The risk of this company
- Glossary/Source/Ins ment and Source Response Table
1. Standing position in the drug discovery and DDS with US Merck in 30 seconds
LowKitty Rooter, Gadacil, etc.
Oral cyclic peptideKey)da Qlex (2025), Lipfendra (2026)
Drug discovery and DDSPharmaceutical Company / Biotech / Contract Development Manufacturing (CDMO・CRO)3 types. USA MerckPharmaceutical CompanyIn 10-K, it is written "pursuing new opportunities regardless of the area of treatment or modality" FactsHome However, the current state of the company is determined.The U.S. basic patent expires in 2028 when dependence on one kite rooter (49 percent of sales in 2025)Comment Key da Qlex of subcutaneous injection plate has the same active ingredientDifferent dosage routes and preparationsThis is an example of DDS technology as it is business strategy. This series of technical commentary “DDS and Targeting”, “Antibody Drugs and ADC” and “Immune Checkpoint In。tors” make it easy to understand.
2. Logo and company name
Mercket is a trademark of the Company. In this article, we do not reproduce the generated image,
Image obtained from the official website (merck.com)Home img/merck_logo.svg Contact Us
Note: Corporate name Merck & Co., Inc.(New Jersey Corporation, Head Office Rowway) The company announces its financial statements to “in the U.S. and Canada”MSDIt says ". Merck KGaA in Dalmstadt, GermanyComment Merck KGaA is a subsidiary in the United States and Canada.EMDThis website is operated by the brand. In this article, it is written as "U.S. Merck".
Official Site:https://www.merck.com/3. Where is this company in the world of drug discovery and DDS?
The US Merck hand tags are: FactsHome The center of salesAntibody(Kiito Router) andVac s(Gadacil, New Mokoccal, etc.) In developmentADC(Sac-TMT)Oral cyclic peptide（Lipfendra）、 mRNA(Individualized neo-antigen therapy withererna),Drug-Fc complex(MK-1406) Activine Signal In tor（Winrevair）、Inhaler(Ohtuvayre from onaona Pharma) In the cancer area, ADC is positioned as the third "organizational target" with the three pillars of "Immune Tumors, Precise Targets, and Organizational Targets".
4. Company Scope (Concise)
The scale of the entire company stays in one table FactsHome The amount is USD, and the year is December.
| Index (US$ million) | 2023 year | 2024 views | 2025 years | January to June 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales | 60,115 | 64,168 | 65,011 | 32,893 |
| R&D expenses (including expenses for implementation and acquisition of assets) | 30,531 | 17,938 | 15,789 | 22,333 |
| Capital end res | 3,863 | 3,372 | 4,112 | ― |
| Key da Qlex | 25,011 | 29,482 | 31,680 | ― |
About 75,000 employees (including approximately 30,000 Puerto Rico and December 31, 2025) 10-Q unaudited value from January to June 2026.
For the research and development cost of Merck,Exp s for temporary investments and acquisitions processed as assets FactsHome The US$30,531 million in 2023 includes the acquisition of Prometheus (US$5.5 billion in total), such as the temporary tie-up with Dai-ichi Three Co. US$22,333 million from January to June 2026 includes "R&D asset acquisition cost" US$13,811 million due to the acquisition of Cidara (January 2026) and Terns (May 2026). US$10.8 billion in 2025, US$0.8 billion in 2024 Research and development costs for modalities are not disclosed Undetermined / Future。
5. Drug discovery and DDS resources
| Resource Types | ||
|---|---|---|
| Staff | 24,700 employees engaged in research activities (December 31, 2025) | Facts |
| People (Research Center) | The U.S. main research base is Roway, New Jersey, Westpoint, Pennsylvania, Boston Cambridge, Massachusetts, San Francisco, CA. United Kingdom, Switzerland, China | Facts |
| Gold (R&D expenses) | US$15,789 million in 2025 No breakdown of modalities | FactsNot confirmed） |
| Gold (Manufacturing Equipment) | Capital investment of 2025 US$4.1 billion. US$12 billion | Facts |
| Recombinant production network | 2024 Structural Reform Plan for the manufacturing network due to 'The future will move to new modalities.' In March 2025, he acquired the Irish Dundok factory of WuXi Vac (WuXi Biologics subsidiary). | Facts |
| Verona Pharma (October 2025, US$10.4 billion, inhalant), Cidara (January 2026, US$9.2 billion, drug-Fc complex), Terns (May 2026, US$6.8 billion, oral low)) | Facts | |
| License | 3 ADCs of Dai-ichi Tri le (2023, US$4.0 billion+ co ation temp. US$750 million×2), Kelun-Biotech’s ADC (2023, US$175 million), Alteogen’s (Changed to exclusive license in 2024), Hengrui’s oral Lp(a) in tor (2025) | Facts |
| External Development Fund | Blackstone Life Sciences to pay US$700 million as part of sac-TMT development costs for the fourth quarter of 2026 (October 2025) | Facts |
| Cooperation with universities and public institutions | Extended clinical studies in Costa Rica to examine the effectiveness of HPV vac。s, such as the National Cancer Institute (NCI). University collaboration on drug discovery and DDS technology development is not specified in 10-K・10-Q | Facts (DDS)Not confirmed） |
MRL’s direct cost is US$10.8 billion, while the remaining US$5.0 billion is the research cost of animal medicines, the introduction fee, the acquisition cost of assets, and the support cost of other departments. The calculation of this paperHome 2026 has reached US$13,811 million.The amount exceeding the annual budget of internal research was used to acquire external candidates for half a yearulation The calculation of this paper。
6. Past Initiatives
| Time | Home | The meaning of drug discovery and DDS |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 year | exercising joint development and joint sales rights of personalized neo-antigen therapy VRNA (mRNA-4157) based on existing contract with Moderna | Participation in cancer treatment using mRNA |
| February 2023 | Up to 7 preclinical ADC license agreements with Kelun-Biotech (worth US$175 million). Cancel a part | ADC Candidates from China Biotech |
| October 2023 | DXd ADC Co., Ltd.Home Manufacturing and supply are carried by Dai-ichi Sankyo | ADC Production is not in-house |
| January 2024 | Approval of a recombination plan for a manufacturing network based on the 'Future Pipeline Moves to a New Modality' | Recombination of low-core processes |
| February 2024 | AlteogenChanged the contract with the exclusive license of berahyaluronidase alfa for subcutaneous penbroidsmab | Ensuring the key for subcutaneous preparation |
| March 2025 | Ireland the Irish Dundok factory of WuXi Vac | Vac manufacturing base from contractor to company |
| September 2025 | Key Qlex Approved by the U.S. FDA(Subcutaneous administration with a solid cancer indication of the quitoluda). In November, the European Commission approves the subcutaneous administration route and injection form of quitoluda | The same antibody from drip to subcutaneous injection |
| October 2025 | Acquisition of Verona Pharma (US$10.4 billion). Acquisition of PDE3/PDE4 in tor Ohtuvayre inhalation | Get the product of the inhalation route |
| January 2026 | Acquisition of Cidara ($9.2 billion). MK-1406 (Phase 3), which combines low-polarizer into Fc fragments of human antibody | "Drug-Fc complex" makes low-ka longer |
| May 2026 | Terns PharmaceuticalsUS$6.8 billion Oral Arosteric BCR:: ABL1 In tor MK-4208 (Phase 1/2) | Oral low reinforcement |
| July 2026 | Lipfendra (enlicitide) approved by the US FDAHome One oral PCSK9 in-tor per day, the company explains "new ring peptide" | Targeting the same target as antibodies with peptides to drink |
Clinical trial example: Lipfendra CORALreef trial
Lipfendra’s US approval is based on two phases 3 of CORALreef Lipids and CORALreef HeFH. Company announcement24 weeksLDL cholesterol drop rate isDifference between placeboat 56% and 59% FactsHome ClinicalTrials.gov has a trial of adult hypercholesterolemia (NCT05952856) and heterozygic family hypercholesterolemia (NCT05952828. The main evaluation item is "Change rate from the baseline of LDL cholesterol as of 24 weeks" FactsHome This article does not constitute an inferiority with other the。eutic drugs.
7. Future plans
| Candidates | Development stage | |
|---|---|---|
| ifinatamab deruxtecan／MK-2400（ADC、B7-H3） | Apply for precedented small cell lungs to the United States. Based on Phase 2 IDeate-Lung01 | Undetermined / Future |
| sacituzumab tirumotecan／MK-2870（ADC、TROP2） | Development of lactating cancer, cervical cancer, gynecological cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, ovaries (including phase 3) | Undetermined / Future |
| patritumab deruxtecan、raludotatug deruxtecan（ADC） | Development with Phase 3 | Undetermined / Future |
| V) (mRNA personalized neo-antigen therapy) | Evaluation of postoperative therapy of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer in combination with quitoloder | Undetermined / Future |
| MK-1406 | Phase 3 | Undetermined / Future |
| MK-8591D (islatravir+ lenacapavir, oral once a week) | Phase 3 in HIV-1 infection. Islatravir’s high-dose trial remains partial clinical pending | Undetermined / Future |
| Lipfendra | EU and China Cardio Outcome Test | Undetermined / Future |
10-K・10-Q Undetermined / Future。
Modaly’s R&D Costs/About US$20 billionHow much is it for modalities?Key QlexTarget of Switch Rate/LipfendraManufacturing method and production capacityor not planning to manufacture /ADC in-house. No media-based sales forecasts or rate rates.
8. What is this company aiming for drug discovery and DDS?
This includes parts that the company does not directly state.Calculation in the range that can be read from primary informationand write with the basis.
| Read | Primary Information | |
|---|---|---|
| In subcutaneous formulation,After 2028 U.S. patents have expired, we are trying to keep the sales of quito-routers. | The U.S. basic patent for quitoluda expired in 2028 (10-K). Key)da Qlex was approved as a formulation containing another compound (berahyaluronidase alfa) | |
| ADCMake a partner without manufacturing in-houseExpand in form | The three items of Dai-ichi Sankyo are clearly stated in 10-K. | |
| Targeting targets used in injections with s to drinkFocus on direction | Lipfendra aiming for PCSK9 (previously antibody) with oral cyclic peptide, oral HIV drug candidate once a week | |
| Low-kaAntibodyed with antibody parts for longerTechnologying technology | Cidara acquires drug-Fc complex MK-1406 with approximately US$9.2 billion | Facts (Evaluation is） |
| Production Networkfor new modalitiesOn the way | The reason for structural reform in 2024 is 'the future will move to new modalities' | Facts |
In the 10-K patent list, the U.S. basic patent of quitoluda isYear 2028patents have two patents expired in 2029 and the company expects future litigation. FactsHome Key da Qlex on pembrolizumabberahyaluronidase alfaIt is a formulation that contains infusion and permeability in subcutaneous tissue. Approved as a separate brand in the United States. The US Merck is committed to the exclusive license of Alteogen for this and the payment according to approval and sales (up to US$51 million in regulatory milestones, up to US$1.0 billion in sales milestones). FactsHome 、Even after a postcard biosimilar appears on the drip plate, the subcutaneous plate may have another protectionRead if you are looking for a company Undetermined / FutureHome However, the company has not expressed this intention, but the premise changes depending on the result of the patent dispute with Halozyme.
9. Collaboration mapping of drug discovery and DDS
10. Technologies, Products and Services
Main products related to drug discovery and DDS are indicated by modalities Facts(US$ million)
| Products | Modality/Drug Shape | Main target (company description) | 2025 sales | January to June 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keytruda／Keytruda Qlex | Anti-PD-1 Antibody (Drip / Subcutaneous) | More Cancer | 31,680 | Qlex alone 590 |
| Gardasil／Gardasil 9 | Recombinant Vac | Prevention of HPV infection | 5,233 | ― |
| Winrevair | Activine Signal In tor | Pulmonary artery pulmonary hypertension | 1,443 | 1,114 |
| Ohtuvayre | Inhalation PDE3/PDE4 In tor | COPD maintenance therapy | Acquisition in October 2025 | ― |
| Lipfendra | Oral cyclic peptide (PCSK9 inhibition) | Hypercholesterolemia | US approval in July 2026 | ― |
| Idvynso | Tablets containing two oral low s | HIV-1 In)ious Disease | US approval in April 2026 | ― |
Key。da Qlex’s sales from April to June 2026 are US$463 million and is about 5.5% of the entire quito-router system (US$8,367 million).
To put large amounts of antibodies in subcutaneous injections into subcutaneous tissuesSpread a few mL or more liquid in a short timerequired. berahyaluronidase alfa, formulated in Key Qlex, is a component that 'enhances infusion and permeability and enables subcutaneous administration' FactsHome It is a type of (hyalronidase) that breaks down the skin, which is a component of subcutaneous tissue. Halozyme’s “Modified Hialronidase (MDASE)” patents are competing here. The company claims 15 patent infringements in April 2025. Facts。 One of the additives in the formulation depends on the formulation of the world’s largest pharmaceuticals
Lipfendra is an oral drug that the company explains “macrocyclic peptide” FactsHome Peptides are usually decom by the stomach and are not absorbed by the intestines. It is a general design idea that it is difficult to cut into ve s when it is ringed, and the shape is fixed and the binding to the target becomes stronger. What kind of ingenuity of absorption promotion (additives, etc.) is not written in the primary information confirmed by this article Undetermined / FutureHome The technical background of this series is "peptide medicine and GLP-1" and "pharmacokinetics and pre ical studies".
11. Risks that this company has
| Risks | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dependency on one item | In 2025, Key Qlex sold 49%. U.S. Basic Patent Expires 2028 | Facts |
| Patent Disputes for Subcutaneous Injection | Halozyme claims 15 patent infringements of altered hyalronidase (April 2025). In some countries in Europe, the company will be listed if the result of the litigation is also dependent | Facts |
| Key Qlex | 10-K raises 'Key Qlex' as a risk factor | Facts |
| Changes in vac demand | Gardacil's sales decreased from US$ 8,583 million to US$ 5,233 million in 2024. Deced demand in China | Facts |
| Total acquisition cost | Acquisitions processed as asset acquisitions are aggregated to R&D costs and may be deficit for quarterly losses. Net loss from April to June 2026 | Facts |
| ADC supply depends on partner | Dai-ichi Sankyo's three products are manufactured and supplied by Dai-ichi Sankyo. Constraints on the supply side become a US Merck constraint | |
| Increased specific gravity of external procurement | The initial asset acquisition cost of 2026 exceeds the annual direct cost of internal research. Candidates affect acquisition amount |
12. Glossary
- Subcutaneous injection (SC)
- How to inject medicine to tissue between skin and muscle. It is often done in a shorter time than drip (intravenous administration).
- Alronidase
- An that temporarily decomposes the secretion of subcutaneous tissue. Easy to spread the injected liquid.
- ADC
- A drug that connects a strong drug (payload) through a linker to an antibody. DXd is the name of the first three co-payment load.
- cyclic peptide
- Peptides that are looped with both ends of amino acid chains. It is difficult to decompose and the shape is stable.
- PCSK9
- Decomposition of LDL receptors in the liver. LDL cholesterol falls when in ting.
- Drug-Fc Complex (DFC)
- Molecules that combine low drugs into Fc fragments of antibody and stay long in the blood.
- Individualized neo-antigen therapy
- The way to recognize cancer by using mRNA, an antigen that is made from mutations specific to cancer per patient.
- Asset Acquisition
- Accounting when the value of the acquired company is concentrated on almost one product. B calculation of many considerations as R&D expenses.
Concept diagram of AI generation13. Source
- Merck & Co., Inc. Form 10-K for the) year ended December 31, 2025 Sales, R&D expenses, capital investment, personnel, research bases, product sales, expiration of the patent of quitoluda, contract with Key da Qlex, Dai-ichi Sankyo, Kelan-Biotech, Alteogen,ererna, Blackstone, onaona Pharma acquisition, Cidara acquisition agreement, conflict with Halozyme, structural reform plan, risk factors. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm
- Merck & Co., Inc. Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026 Sales and R&D expenses for the first half of 2026, acquisition of Cidara and Terns, approval of Lipfendra and Idvynso, priority review of I-DXd, disputes with Halozyme, extension of trials with NCI. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm
- Merck & Co., Inc. Second-Quarter 2026 Financial Results (Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1, August 4, 2026). Key。da Qlex’s sales as of 24 weeks of Lipfendra’s approval and CORALreef test. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000310158/000110465926090045/tm2621496d1_ex99-1.htm
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05952856 (MK-0616, adult hypercholesterolemia, phase 3). Test design and key evaluation items. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05952856
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05952869 (MK-0616, heterozygic family hypercholesterolemia, phase 3). Test design and key evaluation items. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05952869
- Merck KGaA Official Site German-Dalmstadt’s Merck KGaA Subsi。 to operate under the EMD brand in the United States and Canada. https://www.merckgroup.com/en
- Merck & Co., Inc. Official website (for confirmation of logo image source and company name) https://www.merck.com/
14. Response table of claims and sources
| Content | ||
|---|---|---|
| Official name, head office location, listed market | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| MSD for non-US and Canada | Facts | Source 3 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000310158/000110465926090045/tm2621496d1_ex99-1.htm |
| Merck KGaA (Germany) subsidiary conducts business with EMD brands in the United States and Canada | Facts | Source 6 https://www.merckgroup.com/en |
| Sales, R&D and capital investment in 2023 to 2025, sales of quito-routers, sales of Gadacil and Winrevair | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Approx. 75,000 employees, Approx. 24,700 researchers, Research bases and MRL direct costs | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Sales, R&D, asset acquisition cost, Key Qlex, Winrevair sales | Facts | Source 2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| Kytolider is 49% of sales in 2025 and the U.S. patent expired 2028 | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Key)da Qlex configuration (berahyaluronidase alfa), US approval (September 2025), EU approval (November 2025) | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| ) license with Alteogen (February 2024) and terms of payment | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Patent Dispute on Subcutaneous Pembrolizumab with Halozyme | Facts | Source 1・2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| Contract for DXd ADC 3 items with Dai-ichi Sankyo (payment amount, manufacturing and supply are the first three) | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Contract with Kelun-Biotech, development of sac-TMT and development of Blackstone | Facts | Source 1・2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| V Joint Development with Moderna | Facts | Source 1 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Acquisition and acquisition of Verona Pharma (October 2025), Cidara (January 2026) and Terns (May 2026) | Facts | Source 1・2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| Acquisition of WuXi Vac s Dandok Plant, Reason for 2024 Structural Reform Plan, Capital Investment Plan Approx. US$20 billion | Facts | Source 1・2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000063/mrk-20251231.htm |
| Lipfendra’s U.S. approval (July 2026), being a ring peptide, under review in EU and China | Facts | Source 2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| LDL-C drop at 24 weeks of CORALreef trial (56% from placebo) | Facts | Source 3 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000310158/000110465926090045/tm2621496d1_ex99-1.htm |
| Placebo vs. MK-0616 phase 3 evaluation (NCT05952856, NCT059528, and key evaluation items) | Facts | Source 4・5 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05952856 |
| Three pillars for cancer research, approximately 80 phases, I-DXd priority review and goal date, Phase V, MK-1406, MK-8591D stage | Facts | Source 1・2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| Extension of HPV vaccine testing with NCI | Facts | Source 2 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| Classification of three types of drug discovery and DDS companies | The calculation of this paper | The company name is an example from the target company in this series. |
| Exceed the annual direct cost of internal research by approximately US$5.0, billionKey da Qlex, and the initial asset acquisition cost exceeds the annual direct cost of internal research. | The calculation of this paper | This document is calculated from the number of source 1 and 2 |
| ADC’s own manufacturing plan, which includes research and development costs and capital investments by modalities, Qlex’s switch targets, Lipfendra’s manufacturing method and the ingenuity of absorption promotion. | Undetermined / Future | Not specified in the source 1-3. Media-based numbers are not adopted https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/310158/000031015826000212/mrk-20260630.htm |
| Reads to keep sales after patent expiration with subcutaneous preparation | Patent expiration and Qlex composition and interpretation of this article from Alteogen contract | |
| ADC reads to expand in order to make a partner without manufacturing in-house | Interpre of this article from the terms of contract with Dai-ichi Sankyo | |
| Read that the direction to aim with a that can drink the target of injection | Interpretation of this article from Lipfendra and oral HIV candidates | |
| Risks of affiliated with ADC supply and increased external procurement ratio | Interpretation of this article from terms and cost composition |
Last Updated:September 26, 2026/Troy Technical
All the figures in this article are based on the legal disclosure document submitted by Merck & Co., Inc. to the SEC and the ClinicalTrials.gov。 information. We do not use estimates and media-based numbers of survey companies. The "、ulation" section is an interpretation that the article reads from the primary information and is not an announcement of the company. This paper is not recommended for use of certain medicines, but please consult your doctor or pharmacist for medical decisions.