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Space Forge
Growing the "seed" crystals of semiconductors in space and finishing them on the ground: an in-orbit manufacturing start-up from Wales

Space Forge is a British company that aims to grow semiconductor material (crystals) in orbit, where gravity is almost absent, and bring those crystals back to Earth to be finished into volume products. It launched its first manufacturing satellite, ForgeStar-1, in June 2025, and in December of that year announced that it had generated plasma in orbit (the state needed to grow crystals from a gas). The part that returns space-made material to the ground, however, is still in development. This profile uses only the company's website and press releases, announcements from the UK Government (GOV.UK) and the UK company register (Companies House), and sets out what has been done and what is still to come.

Sources: Space Forge's website and official press releases, UK Government (GOV.UK) announcements and Companies House registration data, used as primary material. Checked on 17 October 2026. Last updated 17 October 2026.

What this article covers
  1. Space Forge in 30 seconds, and where it stands in the space industry
  2. The logo and how the name is written
  3. Where the company sits in the space industry
  4. Scale of the company
  5. Resources committed to space
  6. What it has done so far
  7. What comes next
  8. What the company is aiming for in space
  9. Map of partnerships in the space industry
  10. Technology, products and services
  11. The risks this company carries
  12. Glossary, references and claim-to-source audit

1. Space Forge in 30 seconds, and where it stands in the space industry

LEGAL NAMESpace Forge Limited
Space Forge Inc. (U.S.)
A UK company (number 11646188) and a Delaware corporation
HEADQUARTERSCardiff, Wales, UKThe U.S. entity is on Florida's Space Coast
LISTINGNot listedA UK private limited company (Companies House)
CATEGORY IN THIS FIELDSatellites, in-orbit services & manufacturing
(grows semiconductor materials in orbit)
Also develops a heat shield for the return to Earth
SPACECRAFTForgeStar
(manufacturing satellite)
ForgeStar-1 launched in June 2025
RESULT ANNOUNCEDPlasma generated in orbit
(more than 100 times)
Announced 31 December 2025; a page dated 25 March 2026 says more than 100
FUNDINGSeries A: £22.6 millionAnnounced 14 May 2025; led by the NATO Innovation Fund
UK LICENCEUK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) licence for the manufacturing satelliteAnnounced 13 March 2025; the company calls it a UK first
The one thing to grasp first

Making semiconductor material in space has two hard parts: making it, and bringing it back. Space Forge says it demonstrated the first, creating the conditions to grow crystals in orbit, with ForgeStar-1 at the end of 2025 Sourced. The second, bringing the product back to the ground, depends on a shield called Pridwen, which has so far been tested for deployment only on a zero-gravity parabolic flight; we could not confirm a success in orbit from official material Not yet confirmed. ForgeStar-1 itself was designed as a one-way demonstrator that does not come back. So what can be confirmed today is the stage of having made the space manufacturing environment work, not the stage where a space-made material has become a product.

2. The logo and how the name is written

A note on names: the UK entity is Space Forge Limited (trading as Space Forge) and the U.S. entity is Space Forge Inc. The spacecraft are called ForgeStar, and the heat shield is called Pridwen (the name of King Arthur's shield in legend). The logo is the white version shown in the header of the official site, so it sits on a dark panel.

Official site: https://www.spaceforge.com/

3. Where the company sits in the space industry

Four types of company in the space industry All are "space companies", but the role each plays in space sets its strengths and its challenges Launch Exploration, crewed & lunar Satellites, in-orbit services & manufacturing Parts & systems Rockets to orbit To the Moon or a station Work and make in orbit Support spacecraft SpaceX / Blue Origin Rocket Lab / Firefly Axiom Space / Intuitive Machines ispace / Astrobotic Astroscale / Varda Synspective / Starcloud Northrop Grumman / BAE Systems Microchip / Redwire Launch capacity and reuse Reach to the Moon and ISS New uses and markets Track record, reliability Failures and delays Funding, schedule risk Demos still under way Slow qualification Space Forge makes things in orbit: it grows semiconductor materials in space Its first manufacturing satellite flew in June 2025; the return shield is still in development
Fig. 1 That Space Forge works on in-orbit manufacturing of semiconductor materials and on technology to bring them back comes from its website and press releases.

4. Scale of the company

Space Forge is a privately held UK company, and we could not find its revenue or profit in official material. What we could confirm is the funding the company and the UK Government have announced, plus information on staff and sites (checked on 17 October 2026) Sourced.

ItemWhat we foundType
Founding and foundersEstablished in 2018 (company's account; incorporated on 29 October 2018 per the register). Co-founded by CEO Joshua Western and CTO Andrew BaconSourced
Employees"More than 70, working across Europe and the USA" (about-us page; no date shown)Sourced
SitesCardiff (headquarters and mission operations centre), the National Microgravity Research Centre inside Swansea University, an office on Santa Maria in the Azores, Portugal (May 2025), and an office on Florida's Space Coast (September 2024)Sourced
Revenue and profitNot disclosed (nothing in official material)Not disclosed
ListingNot listed. A UK private limited company (status "Active" on the register)Sourced
Funding and public moneyAnnouncedAmountNotes
Seed5 December 2021US$ 10.2 millionCompany announcement. The company calls it Europe's largest seed round for a space company
UK Space Agency (UKSA) Space Clusters Infrastructure Fund23 November 2023about £7.9 millionTotal project value £13 million (including matched contributions). To build the National Microgravity Research Centre
Series A14 May 2025£22.6 million (about US$30 million)Led by the NATO Innovation Fund, with World Fund, NSSIF, the British Business Bank and others
UKSA study contract9 February 2026£300,000A study of producing semiconductor seed crystals commercially in orbit (UK Government announcement)
Money via the European Space Agency's technology programme (GSTP)10 June 2026£10 millionFor a mission to design, build, launch and recover Pridwen. A UK Government announcement; we could not confirm how much has been disbursed
A caution

The amounts above are what the company or the UK Government announced. Public money such as the £10 million describes future spending at the time of the announcement, and the official material does not show how much has actually been paid Not yet confirmed. The company's releases also say that "research suggests" space-made materials could cut CO2 emissions in key infrastructure by 75%. The releases give no source for that research, so this article does not use it. No valuation appears in official announcements, and press-report figures are not used.

5. Resources committed to space

Type of resourceWhat we foundType
PeopleMore than 70 (Europe and the U.S.). Space is the whole business, so there is no separate breakdown. Not disclosedSourced
MoneyPrivate funding (seed and Series A) and public money (UKSA and, via the ESA GSTP, the UK Government). The split of R&D and capital spending is not disclosed. The Companies House filing index shows share allotments (May and July) and the registration of a charge (2 October) in 2026, but we did not check their amounts or contentsSourced
FacilitiesThe National Microgravity Research Centre (NMRC) inside Swansea University's CISM (a semiconductor materials centre). Its reactors were switched on in 2026, and ground-based work began on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) and gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)Sourced
Outside investments, acquisitions, joint ventures, divestmentsNone mentioned in official materialCould not confirm
Public bodies: UKA licence from the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) (13 March 2025). UK Space Agency funding. Two Innovate UK (the UK's innovation funding body) projects, completed in spring 2026 (amounts not given)Sourced
Public bodies: U.S.Assessed "Awardable" on the DARPA ERIS Marketplace (30 September 2026). This is not a contract award. Texas Space Commission funding supports the Intuitive Machines partnership (amount not given)Sourced

Status of the main spacecraft and missions

Spacecraft or effortWhat it is (company's account)Record and status (with dates)Stage
ForgeStar-0A small satellite, the first the company built, designed and made entirely in WalesFlown on the UK's first domestic launch (Spaceport Cornwall) in January 2023. The rocket did not reach orbit (company's account; the cause is not discussed here)Never operated
ForgeStar-1An in-orbit manufacturing demonstrator carrying an in-house crystal-growth chamber. About 11 times larger than ForgeStar-0CAA licence (13 March 2025), then launched on the Transporter-14 rideshare in June 2025 (announced 27 June), then plasma generated in December 2025 (announced 31 December). A page dated 25 March 2026 reports more than 100 plasma strikesOperated (demonstration)
How ForgeStar-1 endsA one-way craft that does not return. Planned to end in a controlled atmospheric demise (burn-up)The plan is to monitor its natural orbital decay until it ends (announced 31 December 2025)Plan
Pridwen (deployable heat shield)A shield folded for launch and opened during reentry. The company says it sheds heat by radiation rather than by ablation (wearing away)Deployment tested on a zero-gravity parabolic flight in October 2025 (with ZeroG). We could not confirm a result of its deployment in orbit on ForgeStar-1. On 10 June 2026 the UK Government announced £10 million for a recovery mission to ready it for commercial useIn development
ForgeStar-2 (returnable)A next-generation craft that can be brought back (its role as described in the Series A release)We could not find a launch dateNot yet confirmed
Flight on Intuitive Machines' ZephyrA plan to carry Space Forge's semiconductor reactor on the recovery vehicle in Intuitive Machines' Earth Reentry ProgramPartnership announced 10 July 2025. We could not find a scheduleNot yet confirmed
Setbacks in the company's own account

In a June 2025 article, the company's CEO writes that the first build of ForgeStar-1 did not go to plan. Suppliers collapsed, some key components arrived with failure rates above 80%, and the craft failed qualification testing, so it was rebuilt from the platform up and the launch slot was rescheduled Sourced. This is the company's own account, and this article has not checked the causes. We cite it because it is primary evidence that building new space hardware often means revising schedules.

A materials engineer's view: growing seed crystals in space, why, and what is still unknown

The company explains that in microgravity convection (fluid moving because of temperature differences) and sedimentation are suppressed, so gas mixing and temperature are more uniform and the growth of grain boundaries (the seams between crystal grains) can be suppressed Sourced. It adds that the ultra-high vacuum of space can keep contamination by nitrogen and similar elements very low, and offers an outlook that crystals "several orders of magnitude cleaner than those produced terrestrially" may be possible Not yet confirmed. The target is seed crystals (small, high-quality crystals from which larger ones are grown) of wide-bandgap semiconductors (semiconductors that tolerate high voltage and heat, such as gallium nitride, silicon carbide, aluminium nitride and diamond). The company says it will bring the seeds back and scale them up with ground equipment in a "hybrid" approach. What has not yet been confirmed is whether crystals actually grown in space are better than those grown on the ground. The company itself describes the plasma strikes on ForgeStar-1 as a first step in testing how the advantages translate into real materials performance. For the basics, see our explainers on space manufacturing and microgravity, and on radiation and electronic parts.

6. What it has done so far

WhenWhat happenedWhat it means
2018Space Forge foundedStarted in Wales, UK
December 2021Raised US$10.2 million in a seed roundThe company calls it Europe's largest seed round for a space company
January 2023ForgeStar-0 flew on the UK's first domestic launch. The rocket did not reach orbitThe first satellite never operated (company's account)
April 2023Announced the start of U.S. operations. Agreement with Southern Launch to explore return to Australia's Koonibba Test RangeA search for places to return craft to the ground
12 September 2023Collaboration agreement with Northrop Grumman UK to explore in-space manufacturingAdvice, training and materials testing. No results are reported
23 November 2023Won about £7.9 million from the UKSAFunding to build the National Microgravity Research Centre
18 September 2024The U.S. entity opened an office in FloridaA base for U.S. operations
October to December 2024MOUs with Voyager Space (29 October) and Sierra Space (5 December)Exploring links with commercial space stations and others (MOUs)
13 March 2025The UK CAA licensed the launch of ForgeStar-1The company describes it as the UK's first licence for in-orbit manufacturing
14 May 2025Raised £22.6 million in a Series ALed by the NATO Innovation Fund
June 2025ForgeStar-1 launched on Transporter-14. Announced on 27 JuneContact with the mission operations centre in Cardiff confirmed
10 July and 23 September 2025Partnership with Intuitive Machines (July) and an MoU with United Semiconductors (September)Building a U.S. return vehicle and supply chain
23 October 2025Pridwen deployment tested on a parabolic flightData towards deployment in orbit
31 December 2025Announced that plasma had been generated in orbitThe company says the environment for crystal growth was created on an autonomous satellite
March 2026The National Microgravity Research Centre opened in Swansea (UK Government, 6 March). A supplier announcement on a ForgeStar-1 part (18 March)The ground-side base is in place
10 June 2026The UK Government announced £10 million for a Pridwen recovery missionPublic support for commercialising the return step
17 August 2026Master research agreement with the Texas A&M University SystemA first step towards the company's first U.S. site for semiconductor materials manufacturing and processing
30 September 2026Assessed "Awardable" on the DARPA ERIS MarketplaceThe company says it opens a route to U.S. government customers (not a contract)
14 October 2026Reported its first year of ground-based semiconductor materials workJoint projects with Microchip Technology and others completed in spring 2026

7. What comes next

NEXT RETURNABLE CRAFTA recovery mission
using Pridwen
£10 million announced by the UK Government (10 June 2026). Launch timing not found
U.S. MANUFACTURING SITEPlans to use the Texas A&M System as its baseMaster research agreement signed (17 August 2026). Opening time not found
RECOVERY VEHICLE FLIGHTIntuitive Machines'
Zephyr
Announced July 2025. Schedule not found
GROUND MATERIALSThermal diamond
is available
Per the website's materials table (price on request). Quantum and optical grades are in development

The company's long-term concept is "hybrid manufacturing": return space-grown seed crystals to the ground and finish them into volume products with ground equipment Sourced. The step this needs, demonstrating a returnable craft and heat shield, still lies ahead Not yet confirmed.

What we could not confirm

None of the following appears in official material Not yet confirmed.

Revenue and profit, R&D spending / the result of Pridwen's deployment on ForgeStar-1 / the launch date of a returnable craft / the schedule for flying on Intuitive Machines' vehicle / quality data on space-grown crystals (compared with ground-grown) / the specific terms behind the MoUs (Voyager Space, Sierra Space, United Semiconductors) / the disbursement status of UK Government money. This article does not discuss share prices or valuation.

8. What the company is aiming for in space

This chapter includes points the company has not stated directly. They are offered as inferences that the primary material supports, with the evidence.

What we read from itPrimary evidenceType
Its end goal is to link space-grown seed crystals to volume production on the groundThe December 2025 announcement describes combining orbital crystal growth with terrestrial processing, and the NMRC is presented as the ground-side baseSourced
Near-term revenue is centred on ground-based materials work and supplyNo returnable craft has yet flown, while in 2026 it switched on ground reactors and lists thermal diamond as "Available". Its joint projects were also carried out on the groundInference
It is strengthening its U.S. businessThe U.S. entity (Florida), the Texas A&M contract, the Intuitive Machines partnership and the DARPA ERIS assessment form a run of U.S.-facing movesInference
It leans heavily on UK government money and policyUKSA funding, money via the ESA GSTP and a research contract have been announced, and the CAA licence was a milestone for the businessInference
The biggest unproven step is returning material to the groundThe UK Government announcement describes the £10 million as readying Pridwen for commercial use. ForgeStar-1 is a one-way craft that does not returnInference
One inference in more detail

In the UK Government announcement (10 June 2026), the company's CEO says: "With our recent ForgeStar-1 mission we proved we can create the right manufacturing environment for next-generation semiconductor materials in space; with this newly funded mission we can prove our ability to deliver products to market" (a paraphrase of the statement) Sourced. Read the other way round, this suggests the company itself sees that it has not yet reached the stage of delivering a product to market Not yet confirmed. And since the shield is at the centre of that mission, we think proving the return step will be the next dividing line for the whole business.

9. Map of partnerships in the space industry

Space-industry partnerships around Space Forge Only relationships in public company and UK Government material (checked 17 October 2026) Space Forge Grows in orbit UK CAA Licence for ForgeStar-1 UK Space Agency Facility, study, Pridwen funds Swansea University CISM Microgravity research centre Main investors NATO Innovation Fund and others Intuitive Machines Plan to fly on Zephyr Texas A&M System Research agreement (Aug 2026) Northrop Grumman UK Collaboration (Sept 2023) TISICS High-pressure tank (UK) MoU partners Voyager / Sierra Space / United Semi Contract / joint work Supply Licensing Investment / MoU (dashed)
Fig. 2 Partnerships around Space Forge in the space industry. Sources: the company's website and press releases, UK Government (GOV.UK) announcements, and Sierra Space's announcement (posted on the company's site). The figure includes only relationships that appear in public material, and leaves out links known only from press reports. An MoU does not mean a contract or a demonstration. Ground-based joint projects with Microchip Technology, Helia Photonics and others are described in the text.

10. Technology, products and services

OfferingWhat it is (company's account)Type
ForgeStar (manufacturing satellite)A craft aiming to be "the world's first returnable and reusable in-space manufacturing platform". Features high power, high thermal control and flexible mission length. The company says it can serve materials growth, pharmaceutical and space-control usesSourced
In-orbit crystal-growth toolA chemical vapour deposition (CVD) tool. Compact, low in power use and autonomous. Designed to work on free flyers, the ISS and commercial space stationsSourced
Pridwen (deployable heat shield)Folded for launch and opened during reentry. The company says it sheds heat by radiation and acts like a parachute to help the craft landNot yet confirmed
Materials offered on the groundThermal diamond (available, price on request; for data centres, wireless infrastructure and radar), optical and photonic-grade diamond (in development), quantum-grade diamond (in development), gallium nitride (concept phase) and aluminium nitride (next-generation power)Sourced
Ground-based materials developmentThin-film work on SiC, GaN and Ga₂O₃. With Microchip Technology, a package and heat-removal design; with Helia Photonics and Bay Photonics, a prototype of gallium nitride on diamond (completed spring 2026)Sourced
Mission softwareSoftware such as "Aether", which tracks orbits and predicts reentry positionsSourced
A materials engineer's view: "wear away to protect" versus "radiate the heat"

There are two broad ways to protect a craft from reentry heat. One is an ablator, a material that chars and wears away bit by bit, carrying heat off (like Varda's C-PICA). The other is a high-temperature material that radiates heat outward. The company says Pridwen is the latter, and that it is different from the ablation of standard heat shields Sourced. Because it does not wear away, it could in principle be reused, but the durability of a high-temperature material and the reliability of a folded mechanism that must open every time become the challenges. Official material does not say which material it uses or what temperature it tolerates, so we could not confirm those points. For heat-shield basics, see our explainers on thermal protection systems and spacecraft thermal control.

11. The risks this company carries

RiskWhat it involvesType
The return to the ground is unprovenForgeStar-1 is a one-way craft. We found no result for Pridwen's deployment in orbit, and no launch time for a returnable craftSourced
The advantage of space-grown crystals is unprovenThe company offers an outlook of crystals "several orders of magnitude cleaner" than on the ground, but no quality data on actual crystals has been published. ForgeStar-1's result is at the stage of "the environment was created"Sourced
Early failures and delaysThe rocket carrying ForgeStar-0 did not reach orbit, and the company says the first build of ForgeStar-1 failed qualification and was rebuilt with a later launch slotSourced
Reliance on public funding and policyUK Government money and licences have marked the business's milestones, so budget or policy changes could affect itInference
A thin supply chainThe company itself says the supply chain it needs does not fully exist in the UK, so it makes more in houseSourced
Scope of licensingThe CAA licence covers ForgeStar-1. A returnable craft may need a separate licence or review (this article has not checked the details)Not yet confirmed
Finances cannot be checked from outsideRevenue, costs and valuation are undisclosed. The figures in the Companies House accounts were not checked for this articleNot yet confirmed
MoUs do not always become contractsThe agreements with Voyager Space, Sierra Space and United Semiconductors are at the MoU stageSourced

12. Glossary

In-space manufacturing (ISAM)
In-space Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing: repairing, assembling and making things in space.
Microgravity
An environment where gravity seems almost absent. In orbit it arises because everything is in continuous free fall.
Seed crystal
A small, high-quality crystal from which a larger crystal is grown.
Wide-bandgap semiconductor
A semiconductor that tolerates high voltage and heat, such as gallium nitride, silicon carbide or diamond.
CVD
Chemical vapour deposition. A way of growing crystals or films on a surface from a gas.
Plasma
A gas that has been ionised by electricity. It is used when growing crystals from a gas.
Ablator
A heat-shield material that chars and wears away bit by bit, carrying heat off.
Rideshare launch
Several satellites share one rocket.
MoU
A memorandum of understanding. A document showing intent to work together; unlike a contract it does not necessarily commit anyone to carry out work or pay.
GSTP
The European Space Agency's General Support Technology Programme, which helps technologies mature.
UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)
One of the bodies that license the launch and operation of spacecraft in the UK.
DARPA ERIS
A procurement route run by the U.S. research agency DARPA. "Awardable" means assessed as eligible for an award; it is not an award.
Separate orbital crystal-growth concepts from ground evaluation and processing after return. Demonstration is not the same as repeatable production and sales.
Fig. 3. Conceptual illustration generated with ImageGen. Separate orbital crystal-growth concepts from ground evaluation and processing after return. Demonstration is not the same as repeatable production and sales.Not an actual product, facility, measurement or dimensional design. Distinguish full-scale hardware from enlarged models. Lines, arrows and colours are explanatory graphics.

13. References

  1. Space Forge Official website, home page (self-description). https://www.spaceforge.com/
  2. Space Forge Official website, "About Us" (founding, founders, more than 70 staff, sites). https://www.spaceforge.com/about-us
  3. Space Forge Official website, "Semiconductors" (target materials and development status table). https://www.spaceforge.com/semiconductors
  4. Space Forge Official website, "In-Space Growth" (why grow materials in microgravity; the crystal-growth tool). https://www.spaceforge.com/in-space-growth
  5. Space Forge Official website, "ForgeStar" (the returnable, reusable manufacturing platform). https://www.spaceforge.com/forgestar
  6. Space Forge Official website, ForgeStar-1 mission page (dated 25 March 2026; more than 100 plasma strikes). https://www.spaceforge.com/missions/forgestar-1
  7. Space Forge Official website, ForgeStar-0 mission page (January 2023; the rocket did not reach orbit). https://www.spaceforge.com/missions/forgestar-0
  8. Space Forge Official website, "Space Forge USA" (U.S. entity, sites, leadership, DARPA ERIS). https://www.spaceforge.com/space-forge-usa
  9. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge - Europe's fastest growing space tech startup - raises record-breaking $10.2M seed round" (5 December 2021). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-europes-fastest-growing-space-tech-startup-raises-record-breaking-seed-round
  10. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge secures record-breaking Series A funding to revolutionise industrial materials using space" (14 May 2025). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-record-breaking-series-a-funding-to-revolutionise-industrial-materials-using-space
  11. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge Secures £7.9 Million UK Space Agency Funding to Build Pioneering National Microgravity Research Centre" (23 November 2023). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-ps7-9-million-uk-space-agency-funding-to-build-pioneering-national-microgravity-research-centre
  12. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge secures licence for ForgeStar-1: The first UK licence for In-Space Advanced Manufacturing" (13 March 2025; a UK Civil Aviation Authority licence). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-licence-for-forgestar-1-the-first-uk-licence-for-in-space-advanced-manufacturing
  13. Space Forge Article "The Forge Awakens: The mission so far" (17 June 2025; the CEO's account of the build). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/the-forge-awakens-the-mission-so-far
  14. Space Forge Press release "The Forge Awakens: Space Forge successfully launches ForgeStar-1" (27 June 2025). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/the-forge-awakens-space-forge-successfully-launches-forgestar-1-the-uks-first-in-space-manufacturing-satellite
  15. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge ignites a new industrial era: delivering world-first capability for orbital semiconductor manufacturing" (31 December 2025). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-ignites-a-new-industrial-era-delivering-world-first-capability-for-orbital-semiconductor-manufacturing
  16. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge's ForgeStar-1 mission demonstrates UK supply chain strength in world-first plasma achievement" (18 March 2026). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forges-forgestar-1-mission-demonstrates-uk-supply-chain-strength-in-world-first-plasma-achievement
  17. Space Forge Press release "Pridwen heat shield deploys in zero gravity: Space Forge and ZeroG mark step towards scalable space manufacturing" (23 October 2025). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/pridwen-heat-shield-deploys-in-zero-gravity-space-forge-and-zerog-mark-step-towards-scalable-space-manufacturing
  18. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge and Intuitive Machines Partner to Advance U.S. Space-Based Semiconductor Manufacturing" (10 July 2025). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-and-intuitive-machines-partner-to-advance-u-s-space-based-semiconductor-manufacturing
  19. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge Inc. and United Semiconductors LLC Partner to Develop the Supply Chain for Space-Grown Semiconductor Materials" (23 September 2025; an MoU). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-inc-and-united-semiconductors-llc-partner-to-develop-the-supply-chain
  20. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge Inc. and Voyager Space Unite to Revolutionize Commercial In-Space Manufacturing" (29 October 2024; an MOU). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-inc-and-voyager-space-unite-to-revolutionize-commercial-in-space-manufacturing
  21. Space Forge Press release "Sierra Space Signs Agreements to Advance Manufacturing in Microgravity" (5 December 2024; an MOU). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/sierra-space-signs-agreements-to-advance-manufacturing-in-microgravity
  22. Space Forge Press release "Northrop Grumman UK and Space Forge to explore in-space manufacturing" (12 September 2023; a collaboration agreement). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/northrop-grumman-uk-and-space-forge-to-explore-in-space-manufacturing
  23. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge expands into the US market and signs groundbreaking agreement with Southern Launch" (19 April 2023). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-expands-into-us-market-signs-agreement-with-southern-launch
  24. Space Forge Press release "Building US capacity in advanced semiconductor materials: Space Forge selects The Texas A&M University System as manufacturing base" (17 August 2026). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/building-us-capacity-in-advanced-semiconductor-materials-space-forge-selects-texas-am-university-system-as-manufacturing-base
  25. Space Forge Article "Forged on Earth: Space Forge's first year of terrestrial manufacturing" (14 October 2026). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/forged-on-earth-space-forges-first-year-of-terrestrial-manufacturing
  26. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge assessed 'Awardable' for DARPA ERIS Marketplace" (30 September 2026). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-assessed-awardable-for-darpa-eris-marketplace
  27. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge on the Space Coast: Space Forge Inc. Expands into Florida" (18 September 2024). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-on-the-space-coast-space-forge-inc-expands-into-florida
  28. Space Forge Press release "Space Forge launches EU Expansion with new Portugal office" (29 May 2025). https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-launches-eu-expansion-with-new-portugal-office
  29. UK Government (GOV.UK) "Joint Statement from the UK Space Agency, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, the Regulatory Innovation Office and the Civil Aviation Authority" (5 March 2026; says ForgeStar 1 was licensed by the Civil Aviation Authority and launched in June 2025). https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-from-the-uk-space-agency-the-medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency-the-regulatory-innovation-office-and-the-civil-avia
  30. UK Government (GOV.UK) "New studies for manufacturing advanced materials in orbit" (9 February 2026; £300,000 for a Space Forge study). https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-studies-for-manufacturing-advanced-materials-in-orbit
  31. UK Government (GOV.UK) "Made in Space: UK funding boosts breakthrough space technologies" (10 June 2026; £10 million for the Pridwen mission). https://www.gov.uk/government/news/made-in-space-uk-funding-boosts-breakthrough-space-technologies
  32. UK Government (GOV.UK) "National Microgravity Research Centre opens in Swansea" (6 March 2026). https://www.gov.uk/government/news/national-microgravity-research-centre-opens-in-swansea
  33. Companies House (UK) Company information for SPACE FORGE LIMITED (company number 11646188): incorporated 29 October 2018, registered office in Cardiff, filing history. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11646188

14. Claim-to-source audit

Claim in the textTypeSource
Founded in 2018, two founders, more than 70 staff (about-us page), working in Europe and the U.S.SourcedReference 2 The page gives no date for the headcount. Checked on 17 October 2026 https://www.spaceforge.com/about-us
UK company (number 11646188), incorporated 29 October 2018, registered office in Cardiff; U.S. entity Space Forge Inc. (a Delaware corporation based in Florida)SourcedReferences 33 and 8 https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11646188 https://www.spaceforge.com/space-forge-usa
A private limited company that is not listedSourcedReference 33 https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11646188
Funding: seed (December 2021, US$10.2 million) and Series A (May 2025, £22.6 million, led by the NATO Innovation Fund)SourcedReferences 9 and 10 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-europes-fastest-growing-space-tech-startup-raises-record-breaking-seed-round https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-record-breaking-series-a-funding-to-revolutionise-industrial-materials-using-space
UK Space Agency money (about £8 million in 2023; £10 million for the Pridwen mission in 2026; £300,000 for a study)SourcedReferences 11, 31 and 30 The £10 million is a government announcement; we could not confirm how much has been paid https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-ps7-9-million-uk-space-agency-funding-to-build-pioneering-national-microgravity-research-centre https://www.gov.uk/government/news/made-in-space-uk-funding-boosts-breakthrough-space-technologies https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-studies-for-manufacturing-advanced-materials-in-orbit
Revenue, profit and R&D spendingNot yet confirmedNone appears in official material. The figures in the Companies House accounts were not checked for this article
Companies House filing index shows share allotments and a registered charge in 2026SourcedReference 33 Only the filings' existence was confirmed. Amounts and contents were not checked for this article https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11646188
UK CAA licence (13 March 2025) and the government statement that ForgeStar-1 was licensed (5 March 2026)SourcedReferences 12 and 29 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-licence-for-forgestar-1-the-first-uk-licence-for-in-space-advanced-manufacturing https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-from-the-uk-space-agency-the-medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency-the-regulatory-innovation-office-and-the-civil-avia
ForgeStar-1: launched on Transporter-14 in June 2025; plasma generated (announced 31 December 2025); more than 100 strikes (page dated 25 March 2026)SourcedReferences 14, 15 and 6 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/the-forge-awakens-space-forge-successfully-launches-forgestar-1-the-uks-first-in-space-manufacturing-satellite https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-ignites-a-new-industrial-era-delivering-world-first-capability-for-orbital-semiconductor-manufacturing https://www.spaceforge.com/missions/forgestar-1
ForgeStar-1 is a one-way mission and is planned to end in a controlled atmospheric demiseSourcedReferences 14 and 15 The company's plan https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/the-forge-awakens-space-forge-successfully-launches-forgestar-1-the-uks-first-in-space-manufacturing-satellite https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-ignites-a-new-industrial-era-delivering-world-first-capability-for-orbital-semiconductor-manufacturing
ForgeStar-0 (January 2023): the rocket did not reach orbit (company's account)SourcedReferences 7 and 13 The cause is not discussed in this article https://www.spaceforge.com/missions/forgestar-0 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/the-forge-awakens-the-mission-so-far
Phrases such as "world first" and "UK first" (plasma generation, licence)SourcedReferences 15 and 12 Company claims https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-ignites-a-new-industrial-era-delivering-world-first-capability-for-orbital-semiconductor-manufacturing https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-licence-for-forgestar-1-the-first-uk-licence-for-in-space-advanced-manufacturing
Pridwen heat-shield deployment test on a parabolic flight (October 2025)SourcedReference 17 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/pridwen-heat-shield-deploys-in-zero-gravity-space-forge-and-zerog-mark-step-towards-scalable-space-manufacturing
The result of Pridwen's deployment on ForgeStar-1Not yet confirmedCould not be confirmed from official material (this article)
Plan to fly the semiconductor reactor on Intuitive Machines' Zephyr (Earth Reentry Program), with Texas Space Commission fundingNot yet confirmedReference 18 An announced plan. No schedule is given https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-and-intuitive-machines-partner-to-advance-u-s-space-based-semiconductor-manufacturing
MoUs with United Semiconductors (September 2025), Voyager Space (October 2024) and Sierra Space (December 2024)Not yet confirmedReferences 19, 20 and 21 MoUs, not contracts or demonstrations https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-inc-and-united-semiconductors-llc-partner-to-develop-the-supply-chain https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-inc-and-voyager-space-unite-to-revolutionize-commercial-in-space-manufacturing https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/sierra-space-signs-agreements-to-advance-manufacturing-in-microgravity
Collaboration agreement with Northrop Grumman UK (September 2023)SourcedReference 22 An agreement to explore; no results are reported https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/northrop-grumman-uk-and-space-forge-to-explore-in-space-manufacturing
Agreement with Southern Launch to explore return to the Koonibba Test Range (April 2023)Not yet confirmedReference 23 An agreement to explore https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-expands-into-us-market-signs-agreement-with-southern-launch
Master research agreement with the Texas A&M University System (17 August 2026)SourcedReference 24 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/building-us-capacity-in-advanced-semiconductor-materials-space-forge-selects-texas-am-university-system-as-manufacturing-base
The National Microgravity Research Centre (NMRC) at Swansea University's CISM, with reactors switched on in 2026SourcedReferences 32 and 25 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/national-microgravity-research-centre-opens-in-swansea https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/forged-on-earth-space-forges-first-year-of-terrestrial-manufacturing
Joint ground projects with Microchip Technology, Helia Photonics and Bay Photonics (completed spring 2026)SourcedReference 25 https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/forged-on-earth-space-forges-first-year-of-terrestrial-manufacturing
Assessed "Awardable" on the DARPA ERIS Marketplace (30 September 2026)SourcedReferences 26 and 8 Not a contract award https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-assessed-awardable-for-darpa-eris-marketplace https://www.spaceforge.com/space-forge-usa
Development status of materials (thermal diamond available; optical and quantum grades in development; GaN at concept stage)SourcedReference 3 https://www.spaceforge.com/semiconductors
Microgravity suppresses convection and sedimentation; crystals could be orders of magnitude cleaner (company's outlook)SourcedReferences 4 and 15 The effect has not been demonstrated https://www.spaceforge.com/in-space-growth https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-ignites-a-new-industrial-era-delivering-world-first-capability-for-orbital-semiconductor-manufacturing
The claim that space-made materials could cut CO2 emissions by 75%Not yet confirmedReference 10 The release says "research suggests" but gives no source. This article does not use it https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-record-breaking-series-a-funding-to-revolutionise-industrial-materials-using-space
The four-type classification (satellites, in-orbit services and manufacturing as the main type)Our calculationOur own grouping. Company names are examples from the companies covered in this series
Currency conversionsOur calculationThis article does no currency conversion (amounts are in the original currency; our own note)
Near-term revenue centred on ground-based materials workInferenceReferences 25 and 3 Our reading of the fact that no returnable craft has yet flown, plus the ground-based activity https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/forged-on-earth-space-forges-first-year-of-terrestrial-manufacturing https://www.spaceforge.com/semiconductors
A strengthening push in the U.S.InferenceReferences 8, 24, 18 and 26 Our reading of the U.S. entity's activity https://www.spaceforge.com/space-forge-usa https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/building-us-capacity-in-advanced-semiconductor-materials-space-forge-selects-texas-am-university-system-as-manufacturing-base https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-and-intuitive-machines-partner-to-advance-u-s-space-based-semiconductor-manufacturing https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-assessed-awardable-for-darpa-eris-marketplace
Support from UK government funding and policyInferenceReferences 11, 31 and 30 Our reading of the announced public funding https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/space-forge-secures-ps7-9-million-uk-space-agency-funding-to-build-pioneering-national-microgravity-research-centre https://www.gov.uk/government/news/made-in-space-uk-funding-boosts-breakthrough-space-technologies https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-studies-for-manufacturing-advanced-materials-in-orbit
Returning material to the ground is the biggest unproven stepInferenceReference 31 Our reading of the government announcement describing the funded mission as readying Pridwen for commercial use https://www.gov.uk/government/news/made-in-space-uk-funding-boosts-breakthrough-space-technologies
The risk summary (unproven return, reliance on public funding, thin supply chain and so on)InferenceReferences 13 and 31 Our reading of published material https://www.spaceforge.com/press-releases/the-forge-awakens-the-mission-so-far https://www.gov.uk/government/news/made-in-space-uk-funding-boosts-breakthrough-space-technologies

Last updated: 17 October 2026 / Troy Technical
The facts in this article rest on Space Forge's website and official press releases, UK Government (GOV.UK) announcements and Companies House registration data. Market-research estimates and figures that rest on press reports alone (including valuations) are not used. This field moves quickly, so the status of spacecraft and missions is as of the checking date (17 October 2026). Passages marked "Inference" are our own reading of the primary material and are not statements by the company. Phrases such as "world first" and "UK first" are claims by the company or the bodies concerned. This article is neither investment nor medical advice.

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