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PsiQuantum | Company Profile

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PsiQuantum
- A private U.S. company that makes qubits from particles of light and aims at a "million-qubit-scale" machine using chips built in a semiconductor factory

PsiQuantum is a U.S. company that uses particles of light (photons) as the parts (qubits) of a quantum computer. It makes the circuits as silicon-photonics chips that can be mass-produced at a GlobalFoundries semiconductor factory (in New York State) and aims to link them in great numbers into a "utility-scale" machine of about a million qubits. In February 2025 it presented its chipset, "Omega", in a paper in Nature, and in September 2025 it announced a US$1 billion funding round (a valuation of US$7 billion, as stated by the company). It has started building at sites in Chicago in the U.S. and Moreton Bay in Australia. However, no utility-scale machine exists yet. The company is private, and its revenue, profit and headcount are not disclosed. This profile uses figures to show how the photonic approach differs from atoms and superconducting circuits, and sorts out what has been achieved and what is only planned, using only company announcements, a paper and DARPA's official page. Phrases such as "world's first" are treated as the company's own claims. Information checked on 16 October 2026.

Built from: announcements on PsiQuantum's website, the Nature paper (Omega), DARPA's official page, and the SEC's EDGAR (a check on whether the company has its own filings) / Checked 16 October 2026

In this profile
  1. PsiQuantum at a glance, and where it sits in quantum computing
  2. Logo and naming
  3. Where the company sits in the quantum-computing landscape
  4. Company size (published information only, as a private company)
  5. Resources committed to quantum computing
  6. What the company has done so far
  7. Plans
  8. What the company is aiming for in quantum computing
  9. Partnership map for quantum computing
  10. Technology, products and services
  11. Risks the company faces
  12. Glossary / References / Claim-to-source audit

1. PsiQuantum at a glance, and where it sits in quantum computing

LEGAL NAMEPsiQuantum Corp.Founded in 2016 (from the "About" paragraph of its announcements). Co-founders include Professor Jeremy O'Brien
HEADQUARTERSPalo Alto, California, U.S.Prototyping and testing in Milpitas. Other sites in the U.K., Australia and Chicago
LISTINGPrivateNo filings by the company itself were found on the SEC's EDGAR, and no SPAC merger announcement was found
TYPE IN THIS SERIESPhotonic, silicon & other approaches (primary)No secondary type. The grouping is ours
HOW QUBITS ARE MADEParticles of light (photons)Photons are made, operated on and detected on silicon-photonics chips (company description)
CHIPOmegaMade at GlobalFoundries' Fab 8 (New York State). Nature paper in February 2025
LATEST FUNDINGUS$1 billion (Series E)
US$7 billion valuation (company)
Announced 10 September 2025. Led by BlackRock affiliates, Temasek and Baillie Gifford
PUBLIC EVALUATIONDARPA QBI
Stage C
Listed on DARPA's official page (as of 8 October 2026)
The one point to hold on to first

PsiQuantum's thinking is this: a useful quantum computer needs a way to fix mistakes (error correction), which needs about a million qubits, so the company chose an approach that can be built in a mass-production semiconductor factory from the start Sourced. Unlike arrays of atoms or superconducting circuits, photons carry no electric charge and can be connected directly with optical fiber, the company says. What the company has published as achievements, though, are the performance of individual chip components (the accuracy of preparing and measuring a photon's state and so on) and experiments on chip-to-chip links. A large machine that binds many chips together and computes has not been completed. As of October 2026, construction has only just begun Sourced.

2. Logo and naming

A note on names: the company is PsiQuantum (Psi is the Greek letter psi, the symbol for the wave function in quantum mechanics). Omega is the name of the chipset, Construct is the name of its algorithm-development software for fault-tolerant quantum computers, and PsiFactory is the name of the prototyping and testing facility in Milpitas; none is a company name. The logo is the white version from the company's website, made for dark backgrounds.

Official site: https://www.psiquantum.com/

3. Where the company sits in the quantum-computing landscape

First, qubits and approaches. A qubit is the smallest part of a quantum computer. An ordinary bit is 0 or 1, but a qubit can be in a "superposition" of 0 and 1. PsiQuantum makes its qubits from particles of light (photons).

Four types of companies in quantum computing Even among quantum companies, how the qubits are built changes the strengths and the hurdles Superconducting Trapped ions & neutral atoms Photonic, silicon & other approaches Software, cloud & ecosystem Qubits built as circuits Trapped atoms and ions Light or silicon qubits Cloud, software, networks IBM/Google Rigetti/IQM Quantinuum/IonQ QuEra/Pasqal PsiQuantum/Xanadu Diraq/Microsoft NVIDIA/AWS Fujitsu/Toshiba Fabrication know-how High precision, control Photonics + scalable fabs Ease of use, integration Cooling, wiring hard Scale and speed Approach unproven yet Own devices not the focus PsiQuantum is a "Photonic, silicon & other approaches" company (our grouping) Qubits are photons; the chips are made in a semiconductor factory (company description)
Fig. 1 The four types of quantum-computing companies and where PsiQuantum sits. The grouping is ours, and the company names are examples from the companies covered in this series Our calculation. That it uses photons as qubits and makes silicon-photonics chips in a semiconductor factory is based on the company's announcements and the Nature paper.

A photonic quantum computer differs greatly from atom-based or superconducting machines in how its parts are made. The illustration below simplifies the flow as PsiQuantum describes it.

Four steps of a photonic quantum computer A much-simplified flow based on PsiQuantum's description (real machines need many more parts) 1 Make photons 2 Operate 3 Connect 4 Detect On the chip, single particles of light (photons) are made Light paths (waveguides) are combined to change the photons' states Optical switches steer light; optical fiber links chip to chip A superconducting detector counts photons one by one (needs cold) Chips come from a chip factory and are linked by optical fiber: the idea of the photonic approach Detectors need cooling, but the company says not as cold as superconducting machines (company's claim)
Illustration The flow of a photonic quantum computer, simplified by us from the company's announcements Our calculation. In practice it also needs a photon source, optical switches, detectors, control electronics and cooling equipment.

4. Company size (published information only, as a private company)

PsiQuantum is private and does not publish financial statements. The table lists what could be confirmed from company announcements Sourced.

ItemWhat could be confirmedSource
Founding, headquartersFounded in 2016; headquartered in Palo Alto, CaliforniaReference 4 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-appoints-victor-peng
LeadershipVictor Peng, a former president of AMD, became interim CEO on 10 February 2026 and CEO on 15 July 2026 (announcements). Co-founder Professor Jeremy O'Brien is executive chair. Dr. Pete Shadbolt is chief scientific officer, Professor Mark Thompson chief technologist and Professor Terry Rudolph chief architectReferences 4, 5 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-appoints-victor-peng https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-strengthens-executive-leadership-with-new-appointments
SitesPalo Alto (headquarters); Milpitas (the "PsiFactory" for prototyping and testing, described as a 140,000-square-foot hub in a 2026 announcement); San Jose (BTO material); Daresbury in the U.K.; Brisbane in Australia; ChicagoReferences 2, 9, 11, 14 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-receives-conditional-150-million-loan-commitment-from-the-us-department-of-war https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-unveils-new-australian-site-at-moreton-bay-central https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-chicago
EmployeesNo figure found in the announcements (the software team is described as more than 60 people)Reference 19 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-launches-construct
Revenue and profitNot disclosed (could not be confirmed)Could not be confirmed
Valuation"US$7 billion" in the September 2025 funding announcement (company statement)Reference 1 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-1b-fundraise
Listing and mergersNo 10-K, S-1, S-4 or similar filings by PsiQuantum itself were found on EDGAR. There are several Form D filings by third-party investment vehicles formed to invest in the company's shares, but they are not the company's own filings and contain no financial information about itReference 23 https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=psiquantum&type=&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&action=getcompany
A caution

For a private company, funding amounts and valuations are the figures in its own announcements. Because revenue, headcount and the substance of its finances are unknown, size and financial stability cannot be judged from outside. This profile does not use valuations or investment amounts that appear only in press reports. And the "world's first utility-scale quantum computer" is a plan under construction, not a machine that has operated.

5. Resources committed to quantum computing

The table shows whether four items (people, money, outside investments and acquisitions, and ties to universities and public bodies) could be confirmed.

Type of resourceDetailsStatus
PeopleHeadcount not disclosed. The software and applications team is more than 60 (September 2025). In 2026 it added Lip-Bu Tan (April) and Niklas Zennström (August) to its board, and widened the executive team (July)Sourced (headcount not confirmed)
Money: funding roundsSeries E of US$1 billion (10 September 2025), led by BlackRock affiliates, Temasek and Baillie Gifford, with new investors including Macquarie Capital, Ribbit Capital, NVentures (NVIDIA's venture arm), Adage, the Qatar Investment Authority, Counterpoint Global and 1789 Capital, and existing investors Blackbird, Third Point Ventures and T. Rowe PriceSourced
Money: government and local fundingThe Australian Commonwealth and Queensland governments planned a package of A$940 million (about US$620 million) of equity, grants and loans (announced April 2024). Illinois budgeted US$500 million for the park (including US$200 million for a cryogenic plant) and offered incentives of more than US$500 million over 30 years (announced July 2024). A US$100 million U.S. Department of Commerce award under the CHIPS and Science Act (letter of intent in May 2026; definitive documents signed on 8 September). A conditional commitment for a loan of up to US$150 million from the U.S. Department of War's Office of Strategic Capital (8 October 2026, stated to be "not guaranteed")Sourced (loan not final)
Money: government contractsDARPA: under QBI Stage C, US$31.8 million (September 2025) and US$125 million (July 2026). Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL): US$10.8 million (April 2025). About US$200 million spent with U.S. suppliers in 2025 (38 states, company statement)Sourced
Outside investments, acquisitions, joint venturesNo investment in, acquisition of, or joint venture with another company was found in the announcements. At Chicago, Related Midwest and CRG develop the site and funds of Blue Owl Capital provide the financing (this is a development arrangement, not the company's own finances)Not confirmed
Universities and research bodiesThe SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy (installation of a cryogenic module), Brookhaven National Laboratory (September 2026, Construct), Griffith University (a test and validation lab in Brisbane, May 2026), a partnership with Queensland universities (July 2024), and a workforce-training partnership with the University of Tokyo and Mitsubishi Chemical (April 2026)Sourced

Here are the main chips, machines and sites, as far as company announcements and the paper allow (checked 16 October 2026). The numbers are the company's stated values or values reported in the paper. Because the methods and measurement conditions differ, they are not lined up against other companies to rank them.

Chip / machine / siteScale and content (approach: photons, silicon photonics)StageDateSource
Omega (chipset)Photon sources, operations and detection integrated in one chipset, made at GlobalFoundries' Fab 8. Measured values shown by the company: 99.98% fidelity for preparing and measuring a photon qubit state, 99.5% two-photon interference visibility, 99.72% chip-to-chip interconnect fidelity (Nature paper)Manufactured / experiment (paper)26 February 2025References 2, 3 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08820-7
Cryogenic cooling cabinetInstead of the conventional "chandelier" refrigerator, a cuboid like a data-center rack that, the company says, can cool hundreds of chips in a single cabinet. In use at Daresbury in the U.K. and elsewhereInstalled / testing2025References 1, 2 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-1b-fundraise https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega
Chip-to-chip and cabinet-to-cabinet linksThe company says it demonstrated high-fidelity quantum links over standard telecom fiber at distances of up to 250 mExperiment (company announcement)2025Reference 2 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega
Intermediate-scale test system in ChicagoPsiQuantum's largest test system so far. A team of DARPA experts will evaluate it directlyUnder constructionGround broken 30 September 2025Reference 14 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-chicago
Site at Moreton Bay (Australia)Intended to hold tens of thousands of photonic quantum chips and large cryogenic infrastructure. Ground broken in June 2026. The cooling plant is due for delivery in the second half of 2027Construction started / plan Not yet confirmedJune 2026References 10, 15 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-in-australia-on-site-of-worlds-first-utility-scale-quantum-computer https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-linde
Utility-scale machine (about a million qubits)A design aiming at about 1,000,000 physical qubits. The April 2024 announcement said the company aimed to have the Brisbane site operating by the end of 2027, but the 2026 announcements give no datePlan Not yet confirmed-References 12, 10 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-to-build-worlds-first-utility-scale-fault-tolerant-quantum-computer-in-australia https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-in-australia-on-site-of-worlds-first-utility-scale-quantum-computer

The Omega figures are measurements of individual devices and small circuits, not the error rate or computing performance of a computer that binds many chips together (our interpretation). The stage "plan" does not mean the outcome is certain.

How to read this chapter: what is "99.98%" the accuracy of?

The "99.98%" in the Omega announcement is the accuracy of preparing and measuring the state of one photon. It is not the accuracy of a "gate" (an operation that links qubits). In the photonic approach, the links between qubits are made by measuring photons (fusion measurements). For that reason it cannot be compared directly with other approaches' "two-qubit gate accuracy" Not yet confirmed. This profile reports these figures as values announced by the company, without setting them beside other companies' figures.

From chips to a utility-scale machine Solid = done or under way; dashed = plan or target (not certain). Based on company announcements Omega Feb 2025 Chip manufactured, published in a paper Prototype tests In progress Systems tested in Milpitas Chicago start Sep 2025 Intermediate-scale test system Moreton Bay Started Jun 2026 Cryoplant due in second half of 2027 Million-scale Company target No operating date given In April 2024 the company aimed for operation in Brisbane by the end of 2027 The 2026 announcements (Moreton Bay) give no operating date; no reason is stated
Illustration PsiQuantum's road from chips to a utility-scale machine. Sources: the Omega announcement of February 2025, the Chicago groundbreaking of September 2025, and the announcements of May and June 2026 on Moreton Bay Not yet confirmed. The plan near Brisbane Airport that targeted operation by the end of 2027 in April 2024 became, in May 2026, an announcement that the site would be Moreton Bay Central. No operating date appears in the 2026 announcements checked here.

6. What the company has done so far

WhenWhat happenedMeaning
2016Founded. Has worked with GlobalFoundries on mass production of quantum photonic chips since 2019 (company statement)A mass-production semiconductor factory was assumed from the start
January 2023 to January 2024Selected for the initial stage of DARPA's US2QC, the predecessor of QBI (2023), and moved to the second stage (January 2024)Took part in public evaluation early
April and July 2024Announced it would build near Brisbane, Australia, with an A$940 million funding package (April). Announced it would anchor IQMP in Chicago, Illinois (July)Won two hosting deals
February 2025Published the Omega chipset in a Nature paper (26th). Advanced to Stage C of DARPA's QBI (announcement of 6 February)Showed a chip that can be mass-produced
April to May 2025A US$10.8 million contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (April). Cooperation with Linde Engineering on a cryogenic plant (May)Government contract and secured cooling equipment
September 2025Announced a US$1 billion Series E at a US$7 billion valuation (10th). Released the algorithm-development software Construct (17th). Broke ground in Chicago (30th)Funds for construction, and software readiness
November 2025 to March 2026A memorandum of understanding with Lockheed Martin (November 2025), cooperation with Airbus (January 2026), and a joint research agreement with the National Cancer Center Japan (March)Ties with companies and institutions that would use the machines
February 2026Victor Peng became interim CEO and O'Brien became executive chair (10th)The company describes a shift from "research" to "construction and execution"
May to June 2026A US$100 million letter of intent with the Department of Commerce (21 May). The Moreton Bay Central site announced (21 May). A test lab opened at Griffith University (May). Ground broken at Moreton Bay (June)The Australian site was settled
July to October 2026An expanded US$125 million agreement with DARPA (22 July), Peng formally named CEO (15 July), definitive documents for the US$100 million Commerce award signed (8 September), and a conditional commitment of a loan of up to US$150 million from the Department of War's OSC (8 October)A run of government-funding announcements

7. Plans

MILLION-QUBIT-SCALE MACHINENo operating date givenApril 2024: "aims for the Brisbane site to be operating by the end of 2027". The 2026 announcements give no date
MORETON BAY (AUSTRALIA)Cryoplant due in the
second half of 2027
Then commissioning, and acceptance of cryogenic cabinets filled with chips (June 2026 announcement)
CHICAGO (IQMP)An intermediate-scale test system,
then later construction phases
DARPA will evaluate the test system. No dates for later phases
DEPARTMENT OF WAR OSC LOANUp to US$150 million
(conditional)
The company states it is "strictly conditional and not guaranteed" (October 2026)
DARPA QBIStage C evaluation continuesDARPA evaluates whether a utility-scale quantum computer is possible by 2033
DOE QUANTUM GENESISTargeted for 2028DOE's target (a fault-tolerant, scientifically relevant capability). PsiQuantum cooperates through Construct (September 2026)
WIDER USESOptical networking for AI, and moreThe company says its silicon-photonics platform has uses beyond quantum (July 2026)
COMMERCE AWARDUS$100 million (definitive documents signed)8 September 2026. Under the CHIPS and Science Act's R&D framework

The company describes these as "plans" and "targets", and they are not accomplished facts Not yet confirmed. In its Omega announcement the company itself said it must keep improving the performance, integration and yield of the devices (while saying there is "no next step in terms of manufacturing maturity").

What could not be confirmed

None of the following could be confirmed from company announcements, the paper or official pages Not yet confirmed: when the million-qubit-scale machine will operate; a computation demonstrated on a machine that binds many chips together (an experiment with error-corrected logical qubits); headcount, revenue and profit; the current status of the A$940 million Australian package (the amount as of the 2024 announcement); when the Chicago machine will operate; and the final terms of the OSC loan. Phrases such as "world's first utility-scale" and "best performance" are the company's claims, and this profile has not confirmed any third-party comparison.

8. What the company is aiming for in quantum computing

This chapter includes points the company does not state directly. They are given as inferences, within what the primary sources support, together with the evidence.

What can be read from the sourcesPrimary evidenceStatus
It follows a route of building a million-qubit-scale machine from the start, rather than selling small machines step by stepThe company says "only building the real thing, million-qubit-scale, fault-tolerant machines, will unlock the promise", and the materials checked here describe no product sold as a machine (small systems or cloud). Site construction comes firstInference
It leaves manufacturing to a semiconductor foundry and focuses on design, materials (BTO), cooling and softwareThe chip is designed by the company and made by GlobalFoundries. It makes BTO wafers itself and develops the Construct software in-houseSourced
A large share of construction cost is borne by governments, local authorities and development partnersThe A$940 million Australian package, Illinois's US$500 million park budget and more than US$500 million of incentives over 30 years, Blue Owl Capital funding at Chicago, and the Commerce and OSC fundsInference
It also wants to use silicon photonics for optical networking for AIThe company writes that the BTO optical switch could also serve next-generation AI supercomputers. The July 2026 announcement describes an executive appointed to take the platform to AI networkingSourced (the intent is an inference)
The company's center of gravity is moving from research to construction and executionThe February 2026 announcement says it is moving to "large-scale deployment and execution", with a semiconductor-industry veteran as interim CEO and later CEOSourced
One inference in more detail

The April 2024 announcement described an "aggressive plan to have the site operational by the end of 2027" at a site near Brisbane Airport. The announcements of May and June 2026 settled the site at Moreton Bay Central and said ground was broken in June, but they give no year of operation. Instead they say the cryoplant is due in the second half of 2027, after which commissioning and acceptance of cabinets begin Sourced. From this we read that "PsiQuantum has changed its announcements to show the construction and procurement schedule first, rather than promise a year of operation. If the cryoplant arrives in the second half of 2027, operation by the end of 2027 may be hard in terms of the schedule". The announcements do not give the reason, and this is our interpretation Not yet confirmed.

9. Partnership map for quantum computing

Partnerships centered on PsiQuantum Only relationships in company announcements or DARPA's page (checked 16 October 2026); press-only links excluded PsiQuantum photons GlobalFoundries Chip manufacturing (since 2019) NVIDIA Collaboration; NVentures invested Linde Engineering Builds and delivers cryoplant Airbus / Lockheed Martin Aerospace application research DOE (SLAC, Brookhaven) Cryogenic setup, software work Illinois / City of Chicago IQMP anchor; broke ground 2025 Australian govts / Queensland Moreton Bay; ground broken Jun 2026 DARPA QBI Stage C (US$125M) U.S. Commerce / DoW OSC US$100M award; loan up to US$150M BlackRock affiliates, others Series E investors (US$1B) Co-development, supply Site hosting, construction Funding (incl. unconfirmed)
Fig. 2 Sources: company announcements and DARPA's official page. GlobalFoundries: chip manufacturing since 2019. Linde: manufacture and delivery of a cryogenic plant (delivery planned for the second half of 2027). Illinois: an agreement of July 2024, with ground broken at Chicago (IQMP) in September 2025 and at Moreton Bay in Australia in June 2026. The Commerce US$100 million has definitive documents signed, and the Department of War OSC loan is conditional and not final. Dashed links do not imply completion or realization.

10. Technology, products and services

LayerMain productWhat company announcements and the paper say
ChipOmega (quantum photonic chipset)Integrates parts that make, operate on and detect photons. On a silicon-photonics base, the company introduced a superconducting material for detectors and BTO for optical switches into the factory process. Made at GlobalFoundries' Fab 8
Cooling and systemCryogenic cabinets and a cooling plantA design in which one cuboid cabinet cools hundreds of chips. The large plant is built by Linde Engineering
LinksChip-to-chip and cabinet-to-cabinet links over optical fiberSays it demonstrated high-fidelity quantum links over distances of up to 250 m (company announcement)
SoftwareConstruct (Circuit Designer, Workbench, Resource Analyzer) and the PsiQuantum Development KitAn environment for designing, analyzing and optimizing fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. Opened to all developers in May 2026 and integrated with NVIDIA's CUDA-Q. It can also estimate the resources a computation needs
FacilitiesPsiFactory (Milpitas), a test and validation lab (Brisbane), Moreton Bay, ChicagoSites for prototyping and testing, and sites (under construction) to hold utility-scale machines
A materials engineer's view: barium titanate (BTO) and superconducting detectors

BTO, the optical-switch material: in the photonic approach, an "optical switch" that quickly redirects the paths of photons is, the company says, "the missing component" for scaling. The material is barium titanate (BTO), which has a very strong electro-optic effect (light's path changes a great deal when a voltage is applied). PsiQuantum makes 300 mm wafers of BTO at its own facilities in California and combines them with wafers made at GlobalFoundries Sourced. Our explainer "thin-film lithium niobate" covers a different electro-optic material.

Superconducting photon detectors: the Omega announcement says the chip includes "a superconducting material for highly efficient single-photon detection". Detectors need cooling, so the cooling design is a large challenge for the approach Sourced. The 2026 Commerce announcement lists work on improving these into "high-temperature single-photon detectors".

What could not be confirmed: the specific material of the chip's light paths (waveguides), such as silicon or silicon nitride, could not be determined from the announcements checked here Not yet confirmed. Our explainers "silicon photonics", "silicon nitride waveguides", "photodetectors" and "optical fiber" cover the background parts.

11. Risks the company faces

RiskDetailsStatus
No large machine yetNo computation on a machine that binds many chips together was found in the materials checked. The published performance figures are measurements of individual devices and small circuitsSourced
No operating date givenThe company set a goal of "the end of 2027" in 2024, but the 2026 announcements give no date. The site also changed, from near Brisbane Airport to Moreton Bay CentralSourced
Technical improvement still neededThe company itself says it must keep improving device performance, integration and yieldSourced
Dependence on public funding and local supportThe OSC loan is conditional and not guaranteed, and the Australian and Illinois packages are amounts as of the 2024 announcements. They could be affected by changes in government policyNot yet confirmed
Finances are not visible from outsideRevenue, headcount and the substance of its finances are not disclosed. The valuation is only the company's statementSourced
Change in managementIn February 2026 the founder, O'Brien, moved from CEO to executive chair, and in July an outside executive, Peng, became CEOSourced
The outcome of public evaluation is not settledDARPA says "multiple, single, or even no participants" may show a path, and does not guarantee a result. The company's July 2026 announcement said it was "one of two companies in Stage C", whereas DARPA's official page (as of 8 October) lists six Stage C performersSourced
CompetitionCompanies using superconducting, ion, neutral-atom, silicon-spin and other photonic approaches are also aiming for fault-tolerant machines. The company's "world first" and "best performance" are its own claims, and no ranking against others is made hereSourced

12. Glossary

Qubit
The smallest part of a quantum computer. It can be in a superposition of 0 and 1.
Photon
A particle of light. It carries no electric charge and can be carried directly over optical fiber.
Waveguide
A thin path that guides light on a chip.
Optical switch
A part that quickly redirects the path of light. Materials such as BTO are used.
Single-photon detector
A detector that counts particles of light one at a time. Superconducting types need cooling.
Fusion-based quantum computing
An approach that joins small light states into large ones by measuring photons (the approach PsiQuantum says it uses).
Silicon photonics
A technology for building optical parts on a silicon chip. It is already mass-produced for communications.
Foundry
A factory that makes semiconductors designed by other companies. Here, GlobalFoundries.
BTO (barium titanate)
A material with a strong electro-optic effect, used for optical switches.
Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC)
A quantum computer that fixes mistakes automatically while it runs.
DARPA QBI
A U.S. defense research agency program that evaluates whether a utility-scale quantum computer can be built by 2033, in three stages (A, B, C).
CHIPS Act / OSC
The CHIPS Act is the U.S. semiconductor-support law. OSC is the Department of War's Office of Strategic Capital, which handles loans.
A concept image of a photonic quantum chip and a cryogenic cabinet (an AI-generated concept; it does not depict actual facilities or products).
Fig. 3. Conceptual illustration generated with ImageGen. A concept image of a photonic quantum chip and a cryogenic cabinet (an AI-generated concept; it does not depict actual facilities or products). Not an actual product, facility, dimensional specification or measurement. Distinguish enlarged models from full-scale scenes.

13. References

  1. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Raises $1 Billion to Build Million-Qubit Scale, Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computers" (10 September 2025). Series E, investors, the US$7 billion valuation, the NVIDIA collaboration, BTO, cooling. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-1b-fundraise
  2. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Announces Omega, a Manufacturable Chipset for Photonic Quantum Computing" (26 February 2025). Omega, measured values, cooling, links. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega
  3. Nature "A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing", Nature 641, 876-883 (26 February 2025). The DOI was checked through the Crossref API. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08820-7
  4. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Appoints Victor Peng as Interim CEO, Co-Founder Jeremy O'Brien to Become Executive Chairman" (10 February 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-appoints-victor-peng
  5. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Strengthens Executive Leadership with New Appointments" (15 July 2026). Peng named CEO. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-strengthens-executive-leadership-with-new-appointments
  6. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Signs $125 Million Agreement with DARPA" (22 July 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-signs-125-million-agreement-with-darpa
  7. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Signs $100 Million Letter of Intent with the U.S. Department of Commerce" (21 May 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/us-department-of-commerce
  8. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Finalizes $100 Million Award with the U.S. Department of Commerce" (8 September 2026). Definitive documents, the 2019 start of work with GlobalFoundries, about US$200 million of U.S. spending in 2025. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-finalizes-100-million-award-with-the-us-department-of-commerce
  9. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Receives Conditional $150 Million Loan Commitment from the U.S. Department of War..." (8 October 2026). The conditional loan; the Milpitas site. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-receives-conditional-150-million-loan-commitment-from-the-us-department-of-war
  10. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Breaks Ground in Australia on Site of World's First Utility-Scale Quantum Computer" (18 June 2026). Groundbreaking; timing of the cryoplant delivery. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-in-australia-on-site-of-worlds-first-utility-scale-quantum-computer
  11. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Unveils New Australian Site at Moreton Bay Central" (21 May 2026). The new site. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-unveils-new-australian-site-at-moreton-bay-central
  12. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum to Build World's First Utility-Scale, Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer in Australia" (29 April 2024). The A$940 million package; the goal of operation by the end of 2027. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-to-build-worlds-first-utility-scale-fault-tolerant-quantum-computer-in-australia
  13. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum To Build First US-Based Utility-Scale Quantum Computer in Chicago, Illinois" (25 July 2024). IQMP, the state budget, incentives. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/illinois-iqmp
  14. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Breaks Ground on America's Largest Quantum Computing Project in Chicago" (30 September 2025). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-chicago
  15. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum and Linde Engineering Collaborate to Deliver Cryogenic Plant..." (8 May 2025). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-linde
  16. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Announces $10.8M Contract with Air Force Research Laboratory..." (15 April 2025). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-afrl-omega
  17. PsiQuantum "DARPA Selects PsiQuantum to Advance to Final Phase of Quantum Computing Program" (6 February 2025). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/darpa-final-phase
  18. DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative (QBI) official page (as of 8 October 2026). Description of the stages, and the list of Stage C performers. https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/quantum-benchmarking-initiative
  19. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum launches Construct..." (17 September 2025). A software team of more than 60. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-launches-construct
  20. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Collaborating with Airbus to Advance Quantum Computing for Aerospace" (13 January 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/airbus
  21. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum, Brookhaven Lab Partner to Accelerate Quantum Application Development Using Construct Software Tool" (2 September 2026). DOE's Quantum Genesis. https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-brookhaven-lab-partner-to-accelerate-quantum-application-development-using-construct-software-tool
  22. PsiQuantum Official website (checked 16 October 2026). Logo and description of manufacturing. https://www.psiquantum.com/
  23. U.S. SEC EDGAR company-name search (checked 16 October 2026). A check on whether the company has its own filings. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=psiquantum&type=&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&action=getcompany
  24. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum and Lockheed Martin Form Strategic Collaboration..." (3 November 2025). A memorandum of understanding (MoU). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-and-lockheed-martin-form-strategic-collaboration-to-accelerate-quantum-computing-for-aerospace-and-defense
  25. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum and National Cancer Center Japan Announce New Strategic Partnership..." (12 March 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/ncc-japan-partnership-announcement
  26. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum, the University of Tokyo, and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Announce Partnership..." (16 April 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/utokyo-mitsubishi-partnership
  27. PsiQuantum "PsiQuantum Opens Test & Validation Lab at Griffith University" (May 2026). https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-opens-test-validation-lab-at-griffith-university

14. Claim-to-source audit

Claim in the textStatusSource
Founded in 2016, headquartered in Palo Alto, leadership (Peng as interim CEO, then CEO)SourcedReferences 4, 5 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-appoints-victor-peng https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-strengthens-executive-leadership-with-new-appointments
The Omega announcement (GlobalFoundries Fab 8, the 99.98%, 99.5% and 99.72% measurements, cooling cabinet, 250 m links) and the Nature paperSourcedReferences 2, 3 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08820-7
Series E of US$1 billion, the US$7 billion valuation, investors, 300 mm BTO wafers, the NVIDIA collaborationSourcedReference 1 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-1b-fundraise
The A$940 million Australian package and the goal of operation by the end of 2027 (April 2024)Not yet confirmedReference 12 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-to-build-worlds-first-utility-scale-fault-tolerant-quantum-computer-in-australia
The Moreton Bay site (May 2026), ground broken (June), cryoplant delivery (second half of 2027)Not yet confirmedReferences 11, 10, 15 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-unveils-new-australian-site-at-moreton-bay-central https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-in-australia-on-site-of-worlds-first-utility-scale-quantum-computer https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-linde
Illinois's IQMP budget and incentives (July 2024), the Chicago groundbreaking (September 2025)SourcedReferences 13, 14 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/illinois-iqmp https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-chicago
DARPA contracts (the US$31.8 million mention and the US$125 million), Stage C, the 2033 goal, and the list of Stage C performersSourcedReferences 6, 17, 18 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-signs-125-million-agreement-with-darpa https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/darpa-final-phase https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/quantum-benchmarking-initiative
The Commerce letter of intent and definitive documents (US$100 million), the OSC conditional loan (up to US$150 million), the AFRL contractNot yet confirmedReferences 7, 8, 9, 16 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/us-department-of-commerce https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-finalizes-100-million-award-with-the-us-department-of-commerce https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-receives-conditional-150-million-loan-commitment-from-the-us-department-of-war https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-afrl-omega
The Lockheed Martin MoU, Airbus, the National Cancer Center Japan, the University of Tokyo and Mitsubishi Chemical, Griffith University, BrookhavenSourcedReferences 24, 20, 25, 26, 27, 21 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-and-lockheed-martin-form-strategic-collaboration-to-accelerate-quantum-computing-for-aerospace-and-defense https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/airbus https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/ncc-japan-partnership-announcement https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/utokyo-mitsubishi-partnership https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-opens-test-validation-lab-at-griffith-university https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-brookhaven-lab-partner-to-accelerate-quantum-application-development-using-construct-software-tool
The functions of Construct, a software team of more than 60, about US$200 million of U.S. spending in 2025SourcedReferences 19, 8 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-launches-construct https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-finalizes-100-million-award-with-the-us-department-of-commerce
No filings by the company itself found on EDGARSourcedReference 23 https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=psiquantum&type=&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&action=getcompany
Grouping of the company as "photonic, silicon & other approaches"Our calculationOur own grouping; company names are examples from this series
Headcount, revenue, operating date, a computation on a large machine, the current status of the Australian package, the final OSC loan termsNot yet confirmedNone could be confirmed; we do not estimate them. Within the statements in References 1, 2 and 10 https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-1b-fundraise https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/omega https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-in-australia-on-site-of-worlds-first-utility-scale-quantum-computer
Building a million-qubit-scale machine from the start, and a construction cost borne by public and development partnersInferenceOur own interpretation of the company's announcements and its funding structure
Showing the schedule first rather than promising a year of operationInferenceOur own interpretation, from comparing the announcements of April 2024 and May to June 2026 (References 12, 10) https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-to-build-worlds-first-utility-scale-fault-tolerant-quantum-computer-in-australia https://www.psiquantum.com/news-import/psiquantum-breaks-ground-in-australia-on-site-of-worlds-first-utility-scale-quantum-computer

Last updated: 16 October 2026 / Troy Technical
The figures in this profile are based on PsiQuantum's official announcements, the Nature paper and DARPA's official page. No market-research estimates or press-only figures are used. Passages marked "Inference" are our reading of the primary sources, not statements by the company. Chip performance figures are the company's stated values or values reported in the paper, and they are not lined up against other companies' figures that use different methods or conditions. As a private company, its finances are described only within its official announcements; no press reports or estimates of valuation or share prices are used.

Illustration update: 17 October 2026. References to vector drawings in the article and source tables describe the retained original SVGs. See each current caption for the foreground image format and reading guide. ImageGen illustrations are not measurements or photographs of actual products; original SVGs, values and sources remain available in expandable references.
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