Key Findings
Iceberg Quantum has released Pinnacle 1.2, an architecture that reduces the spacetime overhead required to break RSA-2048 compared to the previous Pinnacle 1.0. The company reports that RSA-2048 factorization can be achieved with 72,000 physical qubits in 3.7 days at a physical error rate of $p = 10^{-3}$. At a physical error rate of $p = 10^{-4}$ and a 1-microsecond code cycle time, these requirements drop to 48,000 physical qubits and a runtime of 0.98 days.
Technical Details
The architecture’s performance is driven by Crevasse, a new quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) decoder. Crevasse achieves an average decoding latency of 4 microseconds per error-correction round, allowing for direct circuit-level simulations of trillions of cycles rather than statistical extrapolations. Simulation results showed:
- For $d = 16$ ([[254,14,16]]) code at $p = 10^{-3}$: three logical errors observed, resulting in a logical error rate of $2 \times 10^{-13}$.
- For $d = 10$ ([[126,12,10]]) code at $p = 10^{-4}$: zero logical errors observed ($\le 3 \times 10^{-13}$).
These smaller code distances reduce spatial overhead by approximately 40% and temporal overhead by approximately 30% relative to Pinnacle 1.0 benchmarks.
Background and Context
To verify the architecture, Iceberg Quantum used forced-gap post-selection for state injection into magic state distillation blocks. This process achieved injection error rates of $(1.3 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{-6}$ for $d = 10$, with output magic state failure rates near $p_{out} \approx 3.5 \times 10^{-11}$. The team also tested “Frozen Pinnacle,” a variant designed for superconducting systems with fixed 8-degree connectivity. In this configuration, resource requirements are 99,000 physical qubits with a 5.0-day execution runtime.
Significance and Outlook
The validation of logical error rates below $10^{-12}$ per logical qubit-cycle meets the threshold necessary to execute 2048-bit RSA integer factorization. By combining efficient QLDPC decoding with compiled modular exponentiation circuits, Iceberg Quantum has significantly lowered the physical hardware barrier for fault-tolerant quantum cryptanalysis.
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