Key Findings
A research team from Purdue University’s College of Engineering has been honored with an Engineering Research Award on September 14, 2026, for their groundbreaking work using computer modeling to elucidate the formation mechanism of interfacial defects in all-solid-state batteries. This pivotal research provides essential design guidelines for developing safer and higher-energy-density lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. The insights gained into how interfacial defects, particularly dendrites and voids, form are expected to significantly enhance the reliability and performance of next-generation battery technologies.
Technical / Clinical Details
The Purdue research team employed advanced computational modeling techniques to simulate the complex behavior of lithium and sodium ions at the interface between electrodes and solid electrolytes within all-solid-state batteries. Their simulations revealed how non-uniform mechanical stresses at the interface, along with specific crystallographic defects, promote the growth of dendrites (tree-like structures) and the formation of voids. Dendrites increase the risk of thermal runaway due to internal short circuits, while voids lead to increased internal resistance and degraded battery performance. By pinpointing the root causes of these interfacial defects, this study lays the foundation for devising specific strategies to mitigate these issues in future battery designs.
Background & Context
All-solid-state batteries are highly anticipated as a next-generation technology poised to surpass current lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety (due to non-flammable solid electrolytes), high energy density, wider operating temperature ranges, and extended lifespan. However, the practical application of solid-state batteries has long been hampered by the persistent problems of dendrite formation in lithium metal anodes and interfacial defects arising from poor contact between electrodes and solid electrolytes. Since these defects directly impact battery reliability, durability, and safety, understanding and controlling their formation mechanisms is paramount for the commercialization of solid-state batteries. This research represents a significant step towards finding both theoretical and practical solutions to this critical challenge.
Strategic Significance & Outlook
The findings from Purdue University’s research offer clear pathways for suppressing the formation of dendrites and voids in the design and manufacturing processes of all-solid-state batteries. This will enable researchers and companies to focus on developing more stable solid electrolyte materials, improving interfacial engineering techniques, and optimizing electrode manufacturing processes. In the long term, these insights are expected to contribute to extending the range of electric vehicles, enhancing the battery life of portable electronic devices, and improving the safety and efficiency of large-scale renewable energy storage systems, thereby accelerating the transition to a clean energy society.
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